Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) such as rosiglitazone and piogliltazone lower blood glucose by which of the following mechanisms?
A. Blocks enzymes in the small intestine that are responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
B. Mimics the effects of incretins in the small intestine
C. Decreases insulin resistance and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis
D. Simulates the release of insulin from pancreatic islet cells.
Ans: C. Decreases insulin resistance and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis
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The type of therapy that seeks a response through the sense of smell is known as __________________________
ANS:
A client had a partial laryngectomy and has received instructions on the supraglottic method of swallowing. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
a. Place a chart in the client's room detailing the steps in the process. b. Order a dynamic swallow study. c. Repeat the instruction each day. d. Have the client demonstrate swallowing.
What makes a "frameshift" mutational event more serious than a "point" mutational event?
A. Frameshift mutations occur primarily in germline cells and point mutations occur only in somatic cells. B. Frameshift mutations result in the deletion or addition of whole chromosomes (aneuploidy) and point mutations are undetectable at the chromosome level. C. When the mutations occur in expressed genes, frameshift mutations always result in disruption of the gene function, whereas a point mutation can be silent. D. The rate of frameshift mutations increases with aging as the function of DNA repair mechanisms declines, whereas the rate of point mutations is unchanged with age.
What is the single most crucial variable associated with health status?
a. Cultural background b. Ethnic group c. Race d. Socioeconomic class