For a nomothetic causal relationship to exist, there must be evidence:
a. of an empirical correlation between the variables
b. that one variable precedes the other in time.
c. that a third variable did not cause the changes observed in the first two variables.
d. of an empirical correlation between the variables, one variable precedes the other in time, and a third variable did not cause the change observed in the first two variables.
e. of an empirical correlation between the variables and that one variable precedes the other in time.
d
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