How did monarchs incorporate Enlightenment ideas into their rule?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
a. Enlightened absolutism reflects the role of the Enlightenment in strengthening monarchies.
b. Enlightened rulers implemented reforms inspired by and based on Enlightenment principles.
c. King Frederick II of Prussia did not discriminate between Catholics and Protestants. Under his rule, Prussian law was codified and judicial torture and capital punishment were ended.
d. In the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy, Maria Theresa and Joseph II implemented reforms that resulted in a new criminal code, the reorganization of the court system, and the abolition of judicial torture and capital punishment. Religious toleration was promoted, and serfdom was finally abolished.
e. Catherine II of Russia ordered that Russian law be codified in accordance with Western legal principles; she also abolished torture, promoted religious toleration, and established provincial schools.
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In the early sixteenth century, Isabella d'Este, named "the First Lady of the World" by a prominent politician, ruled the city of
A) Mantua. B) Florence. C) Rome. D) Venice. E) Naples.
As the Scientific Revolution matured, many concluded that a. human beings and nature are the foundations of all meaningful knowledge. b. science could be used to challenge the authority of the clergy and religion itself. c. science could be used to promote human well-being
d. human beings possess tremendous power to understand and change the world. e. all of the above
What is meant by this statement: "The elements that sparked a powerful sense of nationalism among colonists dispersed over a huge territory would not be evident for a long time"?
a. The colonists tended to dislike the colonists in regions other than their own. b. The colonies were getting very close to forming an independent country. c. The colonies were still separate and had very little to do with each other. d. The colonies had expanded to a huge area of the country. e. The colonists saw themselves as English first and Americans second.
Franklin Roosevelt is best described as
A) far too inflexible to be an effective leader. B) cold and awkward in his relations with the public. C) one of the most effective chief executives in the nation's history. D) an excellent administrator who created clear lines of authority and responsibility.