In his famous salivating dog experiment, Ivan Pavlov demonstrated that:
a. animals other than humans can exhibit higher intelligence.
b. learning primarily depends on the internal state.
c. reinforcement is necessary for learning.
d. all animals are governed by the laws of operant behavior.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: The classic experiment by Pavlov demonstrated the importance of reinforcement. The dogs would not learn to respond to the bell unless they were rewarded for doing so. Pavlov then formulated a fundamental law of learning: A conditioned response cannot be established in the absence of reinforcement.
You might also like to view...
In a study by O'Neill and Gopnik (1991), 4- and 5-year-olds were able to describe what was in a tunnel and how they knew what was in the tunnel. Three-year-olds were not as able to identify the sources of their knowledge as evidenced by which of the following?
a. The children could not identify what was in the tunnel. b. Many children identified a ball in the tunnel when there was none. c. Some children identified a ball as blue after feeling it but not seeing it. d. Some children reported seeing things in the tunnel that were not there.
Longitudinal studies have the theoretical problem that
a. Age is confounded with time of testing b. It's difficult to recruit people for such a study c. They are expensive d. They take a long time to complete
Paco takes a test that asks him to solve arithmetic problems, define words, and answer general knowledge questions. He is most likely completing a __________ scale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
A. skill B. verbal C. performance D. functional
PET scanners are useful in functional measurement of the brain because
a. neural activity is similar in most brain structures. b. different types of brain lesions produce different behavioral effects. c. serotonin and dopamine are easily detectable. d. different brain regions are chemically active during different kinds of behaviors. e. hemoglobin reacts to the magnetic fields that the PET scanner produces.