Which patients should be assessed for nutritional deficiencies? (Select all that apply.)
a. Patient who scored a 13 on the mini-nutritional assessment
b. Elderly patient on bed rest after surgery on the small intestines
c. Patient receiving an IV of 5% dextrose
d. School-aged patient with positive nitrogen balance
e. Middle-age patient with rashes and easily pluckable hair
B, C, E
These types of patients should be assessed for nutritional deficiencies: congenital anomalies and surgical revisions of the gastrointestinal tract (surgery on the small intestines) interfere with normal function; patients receiving only intravenous infusion of 5% to 10% dextrose are at risk for nutritional deficiencies. The skin and hair are primary areas that reflect nutrient and hydration deficiencies. Be alert for rashes; dry, scaly skin; poor skin turgor; skin lesions; hair loss; easily pluckable hair; hair without luster; and an unhealthy scalp as these could indicate nutritional deficiencies. A person who scores 12 to 14 points on the mini-nutritional assessment has a normal nutritional status. A person in positive nitrogen balance is healthy; the body needs a positive nitrogen balance for growth, maintenance of lean muscle mass and vital organs, and wound healing. Negative nitrogen balance would be a cause to assess for nutritional deficiencies.
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