The basic dynamics of domestic policy often lead to increases in presidential power over Congress. How do the budgetary powers of the president illustrate this concept? Use examples where appropriate
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should:
a. Discuss how one of the more important tools that presidents have in domestic policymaking is their control over proposal of the federal budget and how this allows them to set the terms of the debate with respect to the budget's basic infrastructure, priorities, and policy commitments.
b. Explain how this was not always the case because until the twentieth century, Congress created budget proposals and exercised budget controlthrough a series of uncoordinated, haphazard executive branch officials submitting budget requests directly to numerous congressional committees. Note thateven though government and the budget were relatively small, this was incredibly inefficient, and that the inefficiency increased with the addition of the income tax and America's entry into WWI, sparking early battles between President Taft and Congress.
c. Evaluate how the passage of the Budget and AccountingAct gave the president the formal responsibility to propose a budget and how subsequent presidents such as Roosevelt, Eisenhower, and Kennedy used the budget process to advocate for their policy initiatives, examples of which include moving the Bureau of the Budget to the EOP, the New Look program, and the use of the budget as a means to stimulate the economy, respectively.
d.Describe how Congress attempted to resist the expansion of presidential powers in the 1970s with the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act,noting that while Congress may have regained some power, presidents have continued to expand their influence over policy through various means, such as a president's ability to veto a budget they do not like, using supplemental appropriations, and classifying certain items as black budget and making them immune from congressional oversight.
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Which one of the following is true with respect to prior restraint?
a. The Supreme Court has generally upheld prior restraint. b. The Supreme Court's rulings in this area have been inconsistent. c. The Supreme Court has prohibited most forms of prior restraint. d. The government's attempts to impose prior restraint have been successful. e. The government has imposed prior restraint under the Fifth Amendment.
Which permanent committee consists of both chambers of Congress, does not propose legislation, and is investigative in nature, focusing on issues of general concern?
a. conference committee b. standing committee c. joint committee d. select committee e. ad hoc committee
Politics in Russia is largely about:
a. struggles between regions and the state over regions' rights. b. struggles among powerful state officials allied with business groups for control of state offices. c. struggles between Russia's new urban middle class and its large number of pensioners. d. struggles between ethnic minorities and the ethnic Russian majority.
As the Supreme Court has freed itself to focus on cases that contain important, unresolved policy issues, the proportion of controversial cases has increased dramatically, and thus there are higher numbers of dissenting and concurring opinions.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)