Explain the economic and military crisis that led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
The essence of the crisis was that the growing world economy and new military technologies made payment of part-time soldiers by land grants economically unfeasible and obsolete. Cannon and lighter-weight firearms altered military strategies. The Janissary corps increased in size, raising the cost of government. The role of the elite cavalry diminished correspondingly. The government reduced the number of land grants to the cavalry, who became displaced and disgruntled. The remaining landholders saw their fixed incomes from taxes decrease in the face of rising inflation, which resulted from New World silver flooding east from Europe. Consequently, land returned to the state. Others on fixed incomes, such as scholars and holy men, also suffered financially. The result was widespread rebellion. Deterioration in the quality of the growing Janissary corps--which often hired substitutes--and the continued evolution of military technology meant an increasing reliance on supplemental and part-time troops.
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