DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because ____
a. the number of nucleotides within genes remains constant
b. half of the DNA in a cell comes from one parent and the other half from the other parent.
c. the same process of DNA replication is used by all organisms
d. the total amount of DNA within an individual remains the same
e. each new DNA molecule is composed of one old strand and one new strand
ANSWER: e
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Sputum from a patient with a history of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria is collected and sent to the microbiology lab for analysis. X-ray analysis and an acid-fast smear made from the sputum indicate that the patient has active tuberculosis. The physician has requested that the sputum be analyzed for pathogen load, but because colonies of Mycobacterium typically take between 3 to 8 weeks to appear on agar, results from traditional culture methods are often delayed. If you were the microbiologist in this case, what would you do?
A. Using the sputum, apply end-point PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to estimate the pathogen load, then follow up with a traditional culture. B. Set up a traditional culture on the sputum, then use the colonies for real-time PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to quantify the pathogen load. C. Set up a traditional culture on the sputum, then use the colonies for end-point PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to quantify the pathogen load. D. Using the sputum, apply real-time PCR with primers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA to estimate the pathogen load, then follow up with a traditional culture.
Which of the following statements comparing hemidesmosomes with desmosomes is TRUE?
A. Hemidesmosomes are anchorage junctions but desmosomes are not. B. Hemidesmosomes interact with actin filaments while desmosomes interact with intermediate filaments. C. Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the ECM while desmosomes anchor cells to other cells. D. Hemidesmosomes are found in plant cells while desmosomes are found in animal cells. E. Both hemidesmosomes and desmosomes associate with integrin, but not cadherin molecules.
A single-celled diploid eukaryote with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes do the resultant offspring possess?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16
Cervical cancer can be caused by:
a. Chlamydia spp b. human papillomavirus c. herpes simplex virus d. Neisseria gonorrhoeae e. Trichomonas vaginalis