The nurse is performing a cardiovascular assessment. Which of the following patient findings would indicate the most significant risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis?
1. family history of early myocardial infarction, hypertension, and anemia
2. diabetes, smoking, and late onset of puberty
3. male gender, cholesterol of 256 mg/dl, and low protein intake
4. family history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes
4
Rationale: Nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease include genetics, hypertension, and diabetes. The patient who has a family history of all three of these disease processes would have a significant increase in the risk of developing coronary artery disease. Although the other choices could also increase the patient's risk, the family history of the three disease processes would be the most significant.
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The emergency department nurse assessing a puncture wound of the foot knows that the most likely type of infection to this wound is a(n):
a. aerobic bacterial infection. b. anaerobic bacterial infection. c. viral infection. d. fungal infection.
The nurse completes discharge teaching for a client admitted to the hospital with renal calculi. Which of the following interventions should the discharge teaching emphasize?
A) Close observation for toxic kidney output. B) Fluid intake of approximately 2 L each day. C) Interventions for the expected transient incontinence. D) Use of a dipstick to monitor for proteinuria.
If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition D. None of the above
You enter R.M.'s room and hear the physician say, "There are many options for changing your LDL and triglyceride levels. You need to continue modifying your diet and exercise to enhance your medication regimen."
The physician asks R.M. whether he has any questions, and the patient responds, "No." After the physician leaves the room, R.M. tells you he really didn't understand what the physician said. Explain the necessary lifestyle changes to R.M.