The student asks the professor why water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes. What response by the professor is best?
a. The intercellular hydrostatic pressure is inadequate to push the water and electrolytes across the cell membranes.
b. A balance of cations and ions among the electrolytes on each side of the cell membranes cannot be maintained.
c. The epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and therefore repel water.
d. Receptors on those cell membranes are occupied with a diffusion of amino acids and monosaccharides.
Ans: c. The epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and therefore repel water.
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The nurse documents all the signs of epidural hematoma in a patient with a closed head injury, which are: (Select all that apply.)
a. mottling of extremities. b. periorbital ecchymosis. c. Battle's sign. d. nausea and vomiting. e. PERRLA.
The nurse is reviewing teaching materials created by a student nurse outlining the procedure to obtain midstream clean catch urine for culture. Which information within this plan needs to be corrected by the nurse?
1. Males patients should retract the foreskin and cleanse the glans with three cotton sponges saturated with cleansing solution, using a circular motion. 2. Female patients should separate the labia with one hand and clean the labia with the other, using sterile cotton swabs saturated with a cleansing solution, wiping back to front. 3. After cleansing, patients should start voiding and then begin to collect the specimen. 4. Patients should start taking prescribed antibiotics only after the specimen is collected.
An example of primary health care is:
A) a hearing screening in the school setting. B) care of the client in the intensive care unit. C) diagnostic testing for HIV/AIDS. D) care of the client on rehabilitation.
The fetal side of the placenta should normally be:
A) gray and shiny with a smooth texture. B) pale and dull with a rough texture. C) dark maroon with a smooth texture. D) dark maroon with a rough texture.