Republic advertisements about Representative Joe Smith, the Democratic candidate, portray him as lazy, dishonest, and poor at his job. At the same time, the Democratic ads for Joe Smith describe him as a caring, honest, hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. The tendency of decision makers (the voters in this example) to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is an example of
A. framing bias.
B. stirring the waters.
C. goal displacement.
D. overconfidence bias.
E. the fog effect.
A. framing bias.
Framing bias is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them. For instance, customers prefer meat that is framed as "85% lean meat" instead of "15% fat," although of course they are the same thing.
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