Which of the following heart defects increases pulmonary blood flow?
a. pulmonary stenosis c. pulmonary atresia
b. patent ductus arteriosus d. tetralogy of Fallot
B
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A Incorrect. Pulmonary stenosis decreases pulmonary blood flow by shunting unoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left. There is a mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation. These infants are hypoxic and cyanotic.
B Correct. Patent ductus arteriosus increases pulmonary blood flow. Defects that increase pulmonary blood flow are caused by a shunting of the blood from the left side of the heart to the right side through an abnormal connection (left to right shunt). These infants exhibit clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure.
C Incorrect. Pulmonary atresia decreases pulmonary blood flow, resulting in unoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left. There is a mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation. These infants are hypoxic and cyanotic.
D Incorrect. Tetralogy of Fallot decreases pulmonary blood flow, resulting in unoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left. There is a mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation. These infants are hypoxic and cyanotic.
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