Describe three methods that are employed in traditional psychoanalysis
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Free association involves talking freely about a subject without censoring any thoughts. The client is fully awake and is asked to talk about a specific topic. The client says whatever comes to mind. The psychoanalyst makes very few comments during free association, instead focusing on important themes or issues that may be revealed.
?
Dream analysis is a tool that some psychoanalysts use to reveal unconscious conflicts (Pesant & Zadra, 2004). Dreams do not directly represent unconscious conflicts but rather are comprised of symbols that reflect these underlying unconscious impulses. It is the psychoanalyst’s job to decipher the true meaning, or latent content, of these dreams and thereby reveal important unconscious issues.
?
Free association and dream analysis provide the psychoanalyst with information on the unconscious workings of the client’s mind. The psychoanalyst can then make interpretations to the client. Interpretations are the psychoanalyst’s views on the themes and issues that may be influencing the client’s behavior. These interpretations may help the client gain insight into his or her problems.
?
Resistance occurs when a client behaves in such a way as to deny or avoid certain topics or issues. A client may resist a psychoanalyst’s interpretation because it is too close to the truth and therefore creates anxiety. Clients may miss appointments or arrive late as a way of resisting the revealing nature of the therapy session. Clients may laugh or joke about topics that are actually quite painful for them. These resistant behaviors provide the psychoanalyst an additional clue to the unconscious conflicts affecting the client.
?
The process of transference also provides a clue to a client’s unconscious conflicts. Freud (1949) believed that at some point during therapy, clients would un- consciously react to the therapist as if the therapist were his or her parent, friend, sibling, or romantic partner. Freud termed this unconscious reaction transference because the client was unknowingly transferring feelings and emotions toward a loved one onto the therapist.
You might also like to view...
In intercultural situations, decoders can never be as sure as they are in intracultural situations that they are interpreting signals and messages as originally intended by encoders. This is the result of _____
a) cultural differences in the use of all nonverbal channels b) the similarities in the ground rules of interaction between cultures c) the lack of anxiety that is needed to decode critical messages d) interactants being accustomed to receiving signals ambiguously
Researchers have examined cerebral asymmetry in depressed people. The results of this research suggests that
A. some people may be born with a greater likelihood to become depressed than others. B. our experiences are less important in determining depression than our inherited tendencies. C. whether a person develops a depression-prone brain activity pattern depends on experiences during the first few years of life. D. there is relatively little psychologists can do for depressed people if the depression has a biological component.
. In Hinduism, what does karma refers to?
a. Attaining a better placement in the world in the next life. b. The ability to achieve the ultimate self-knowledge in one’s life. c. Receiving good luck by being kind to others. d. Avoiding returning to Earth via reincarnation
. ________ are the unique genetic makeup of individual people.
A. Endophenotypes B. Human genome project C. Genotypes D. Phenotypes