Which of the following are contraindications for the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV)? 1. Nonsupportive family 2. Lack of financial resources 3. Copious amounts of secretions 4. Uncooperative behavior on the part of the patient
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
Relative contraindications for the use of NIV for restrictive thoracic disease, nocturnal hypoven-tilation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include an nonsupportive family, lack of fi-nancial resources, required ventilator assistance for most of the day, copious amounts of secre-tions, uncooperative behavior on the part of the patient, high risk of aspiration, and any anatomic abnormality that interferes with gas delivery.
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