In each of the following situations, a person is learning through either reinforcement or punishment. Classify each situation as involving one of these four consequences: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, presentation punishment, or removal punishment. Then explain why you chose the answer you did.
a. Because Danielle fails her math class, she is taken off the school dance squad.
b. Joe always does his homework assignments as soon as he gets them so he won't have to worry about them anymore.
c. Lisa and Fran are giggling together in the back of the classroom. Their teacher scowls at them. They are embarrassed and shut up.
d. A teacher finds that by yelling at her students when they get too rowdy, they will settle down and be quiet for a while. (Focus on what is happening to the teacher.)
a. This is removal punishment: a pleasant state of affairs (being on the dance squad) is removed after Danielle fails her math class.
b. This is negative reinforcement: Joe is doing his homework in order to get rid of something unpleasant (his feeling of worry).
c. This is presentation punishment: something presented (a scowl) leads to a decrease in giggling behavior.
d. This is negative reinforcement: the teacher's yelling is reinforced by the removal of something she doesn't like (her students' rowdy behavior).
You might also like to view...
Which of the following is part of a line graph?
a. data points b. frequency recording charts c. diagonal axis d. both a and c e. all of the above
"I'm going to drop French," Dana says to her friend, Judy. "I'm taking calculus, AP English, and physics this year, which is difficult, and French is overwhelming me. I know French is important, and I'm fairly good at it, but I simply don't have the time to devote to it." Which of the following is the best explanation for Dana's reaction?
a. The attainment value for French is not high enough for Dana, so she isn't motivated to study it. b. French doesn't have high utility value for Dana, so she is not motivated to study it. c. Studying French doesn't help Dana meet her need for competence, so she is not motivated to study it. d. Dana believes that the cost of taking French is too high, so she is not motivated to study it.
If Jack, a read/write learner, has to give someone directions to find a certain office on campus, he will likely _____.
A. draw or give her a map B. tell her the directions C. write down the directions (without a map) D. go with her
Students should be taught that a single media source, such as a television program or a web site, used to conduct research or form an opinion, is a reliable source of information
A. TRUE B. FALSE