Summarize the three approaches (structuralism, functionalism, evolutionary approach) that shaped the history of psychology.
What will be an ideal response?
Wilhelm Wundt founded the structuralism approach. Structuralism involves identifying the structures of the human mind through the method of introspection. William James founded the functionalist approach. From James's perspective, the key question for psychology is not so much what the mind is (that is, its structures) as what it is for (its purpose or function). James's view was eventually named functionalism. Structuralism is focused on understanding the "what" of the mind, whereas functionalism is focused on understanding the "why." Functionalism fits well with Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory. According to evolutionary theory, species change through random genetic mutation. That means that essentially by accident, some members of a species are born with genetic characteristics that make them different from other members.
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George and Martha have just "emptied their nest" by dropping their youngest son off at college. It is most likely that
a. Martha will become depressed. b. George will spend less time with Martha now that there are no children to keep him at home. c. Martha will feel like the marriage has become more equitable. d. Martha and George will become distant from one another without the children to bring them together.
The type of treatment that paved the way for the modern approach to mental disorders was known as
a. the mental hygiene movement. b. institutionalization in asylums. c. supernatural treatment. d. moral treatment.
The broad concept that applies to all forms of psychotherapy is
a. a long process by which patients gain personal insight. b. a relationship in which a professional explains to patients the best way to approach their personal problems. c. a method of curing mental disorders. d. a helping relationship between a professional with special training and another person in need of help.
In the United States, what is the ratio of suicides of elderly European American men to suicides of elderly African American women?
100:1 50:50 50:25 50:1