Hormones regulate their effects on cells by all of the following EXCEPT:a
negative feedback.
b. receptor up-regulation.
c. receptor down-regulation.
d. signal transduction.
e. metamorphosis.
E
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Genetic sequences may be useful in predicting protein structure because
A. there is a high statistical frequency of specific amino acids within a given secondary structure B. the folding of the protein is based on how the mRNA folds. C. the physical and energetic properties of the DNA influence protein folding. D. knowing what specific codons are used for each amino acid in the protein can help predict its structure.
Isotopic labeling of a specific substrate carbon with 13C, which has an extra neutron, is particularly useful for investigating biochemical pathways because
A) the presence of the radioisotope greatly accelerates the pathway, which makes it easier to study. B) the position of the labeled carbon can be traced through products of the pathway to characterize the pathway reactions. C) the radioisotope blocks each pathway at a specific step. D) the radioisotope readily exchanges neutrons so that all neighboring carbons become labeled and easier to detect with NMR. E) radiolabels generally are easier to track in cells than fluorescent labels.
Which step in the theory of natural selection do humans impact the most to bring about artificial selection?
A) Individuals in a population vary. B) Some variation can be passed on to offspring. C) Populations produce more offspring than the environment can support. D) There is differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population.
Which of the following hormones is not involved in stimulating spermatogenesis?
a. inhibin b. follicle-stimulating hormone c. interstitial cell stimulating hormone d. luteinizing hormone e. testosterone