Suppose that a consumer is currently at an optimum when consuming goods A and B. Which of the following must be TRUE?
A) The total utility from A is equal to the total utility from B.
B) The price of A is equal to the price of B.
C) The marginal utility of A is equal to the marginal utility of B.
D) The marginal utility to price ratio of A is equal to the marginal utility to price ratio of B.
Answer: D
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Spencer and Brander's model highlights the existence of
A) aircraft industries. B) excess returns present in highly competitive markets. C) excess returns, or rents, available in non-competitive markets. D) the futility of government bureaucrats' attempts to build an airplane. E) natural advantages in foreign technology firms.
What is the benefit of understanding the income and the substitution effects?
A) The income effect might run in the opposite direction of the substitution effect. B) The income effect always runs in the opposite direction of the substitution effect. C) The income and substitution effects just offset each other, which explains a lot. D) The income and substitution effects are proportional to each other.
The demand for hamburgers is estimated from this theoretical model:
Q = kPaIbAce, where Q = units per day, P = price per unit, A = advertising budget per month by sellers, I = per capita income of consumers, and e = a random error. In a recent study, one researcher estimated the log-linear form of this equation with regression analysis as: log Q = 2.5 - 0.33 log P + 0.15 log I + 0.2 log A. Explain what the coefficients of log P, log I, and log A reveal about this product.
Opportunity cost:
a. applies only to consumption decisions. b. applies only to production decisions. c. is the same as monetary costs. d. exists because of scarcity. e. is irrelevant for wealthy economies.