A relatively common illness in young children, primarily those younger than 3 years of age, whose presentation includes variable fever, inspiratory stridor (difficulty in moving enough air through the larynx), hoarseness, and a harsh, barking, nonproductive cough, is:
a. laryngitis.
b. laryngotracheobronchitis.
c. epiglottitis.
d. pharyngitis.
B
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, or croup, is a relatively common illness in young children, pri-marily those younger than 3 years of age. Of significance, croup can represent a potentially more serious disease if the infection extends downward from the larynx to involve the trachea or even the bronchi. Variable fever, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, and a harsh, barking, nonproductive cough characterize the illness. Symptoms last for 3 to 4 days, although the cough may persist for a longer period. In young infants, severe respiratory distress and fever are common symptoms. Similar to the etiologic agents of laryngitis, viruses are the primary cause of croup; parainfluenza viruses are the major etiologic agents. In addition to parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses can also cause croup. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinoviruses, and enteroviruses can cause the illness in a few cases as well.
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