Ray Friedman and his colleagues administered a 20-item test to African-American and European-American students before and during the presidential election of Barack Obama. According to Friedman, President Obama is inspiring better academic performance because the African-American students performed

a. better than the European-American students both before and during the election.
b. poorer than the European-American students before the election and just as well as the European-Americans during the election.
c. poorer than the European-American students before the election and significantly better than the European-American students during the election.
d. poorer than the European-American students before and during the election, but showed a significantly higher self-esteem during the election than before.


B

Psychology

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