When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal, resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as __________.
A. positive punishment
B. negative punishment
C. negative reinforcement
D. punishing reinforcement
Answer: B
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A drill sergeant shouts, "Fire!," the artillery shoots, and the loud sound makes you flinch. After a few repetitions, the word Fire! makes you flinch. What is the conditioned response?
a. The drill sergeant b. The word Fire! c. The loud sound d. Flinching
Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?
a. You combine your previous knowledge, together with the information registered by your eyes. b. You compare this object with a set of geons, to determine the best match. c. Your retina registers the size, shape, and color of this object. d. Information from your retina travels directly to the primary visual cortex and the inferotemporal cortex.
What was the result when Sajwaj, Twardosz, and Burke (1972) instructed the teacher of a 7-year-old developmentally disabled boy to ignore him?
a. He increased his attempts to socialize with the teacher. b. He became aggressive toward that teacher. c. He increased social behaviors directed toward the other children. d. He decreased all social behaviors.
Freud found that odd medical disorders, such as the loss of feeling in one's hand, often disappeared when individuals __________________
a. were put under hypnosis b. were persuaded to repress anxiety-evoking experiences c. recalled and discussed stressful events d. satisfied the needs of the id