The nurse correctly recognizes that esophageal cancer is associated with: (Select all that apply.)
a. cigarette smoking.
b. diabetes.
c. hypertension.
d. heavy alcohol use.
e. smokeless tobacco.
A, D, E
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of esophageal cancer in the United States. When combined with heavy alcohol consumption, the risk for esophageal cancer greatly increases. Both sub-stances are irritants to the mucosa of the esophagus. Smokeless tobacco is also associated with esophageal cancer.
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A client is scheduled for thoracentesis, a painful procedure that is performed to drain fluid from the pleural space. The nurse assesses that the client appears anxious about the procedure and needs honest support and reassurance
What is the most appropriate response by the nurse to this client? A) "I will be by your side throughout the procedure; the procedure will be painless if you don't move." B) "The needle causes pain when it goes in, but I will be by your side throughout and will help you hold your position." C) "The procedure may take only 2 to 3 minutes, so you might get through it by mentally counting up to 120." D) "You may feel uncomfortable when the needle goes in, but remember that the stakes for this are very high."
A statement not shown to be true about pharmacodynamics changes with aging is
A. Decreased sensitivity to oral anticoagulants B. Enhanced sensitivity to central nervous system drugs C. Drug responsiveness can be influenced by patient activity level D. There is a decreased sensitivity to beta blockers
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
In systems controlled by negative feedback, the effector response returns the level of the stimulus towards its original level
A quality care nurse assesses the care given by a hospice. Which of the following statements by the client best reflects dignified end-of-life care?
A) "I'm glad that my family is making all the decisions; it's too much for me." B) "I'm not ready to die yet; I've got a few more in me." C) "It is fine sharing a room; I like the company." D) "They listened to me and stopped the therapy."