Which of the following is not one of the principles of Sutherland's differential associations?

a. Criminal behavior is learned.
b. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication.
c. Crime is the result of a lack of serious punishments for deviant behavior.
d. Differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.


Answer: c

Criminal Justice

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Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if:

a. It is collected in accordance with the Fourth Amendment. b. The standard reference sample (i.e., control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene. c. It does not have a well-documented chain of custody. d. Evidence taken from suspect is obtained voluntarily.

Criminal Justice

These provide the foundation for many of our laws.

A. norms B. values C. folkways D. mores

Criminal Justice

Which of the following best describes the “typical” female inmate?

A. 18- to 21-year-old single female with no children B. 20- to 25-year-old single parent C. 30- to 35-year-old and the primary caregiver to two children D. 30- to 35-year-old married female with one or more children

Criminal Justice

Which controversial type of outpatient civil commitment is designed for individuals who don’t qualify for the dangerousness standard but need treatment to prevent further deterioration?

A. conditional release B. reasonable woman C. least restrictive alternative D. preventive commitment

Criminal Justice