______ deterrence refers to the effect of punishment of the future behavior of the person who experiences the punishment.
A. General
B. Specific
C. Primary
D. Secondary
B. Specific
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1.The modern media are highly selective in their constructions of offenses, offenders, and victims. 2.Difference is readily constructed as deviance by causal association with crime. 3.In short, men who commit serious offenses are judged to have transgressed two sets of laws: criminal laws and the laws of nature. 4.There is no single “feminist criminology.” 5.Feminist perspectives centered largely on criminological theories.
What test looks not at the proximity to crime completion, but rather at what, if anything, is lacking such that the crime cannot be completed?
a. Probable Desistance Test b. Unequivocality Test c. Dispensable Element Test d. Indispensible Element Test
Thieves who claim they do no wrong when they steal from shopkeepers who sell shoddy merchandise or contaminated food are using which technique of neutralization?
a. Denial of the victim b. Denial of the responsibility c. Condemnation of the condemners d. Appeal to higher loyalties
Any amount of deception in the form of a ploy to get a suspect to make statements has been held by the United States Supreme Court to amount to coercion and hence in violation of either due process or Miranda.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)