Describe the situation of the Japanese economy in the 1990s. What should the Japanese government have done differently, according to critics, to improve the economy?
What will be an ideal response?
The nominal interest rate was essentially zero in Japan. Japan was in a liquidity trap, in which monetary policy alone became ineffective. Japan should have used more expansionary fiscal policy, along with expansionary monetary policy, to escape the trap.
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The capture theory of regulation, espoused by George Stigler, asserts that
a. consumers "capture" regulatory agencies so that regulation favors consumers b. producers "capture" regulatory agencies so that regulation favors producers c. regulators "capture" producers and limit their market power d. consumers "capture" some consumer surplus lost to monopoly e. consumers and producers work together to "capture" regulatory agencies in order to achieve more desirable regulation
In the long run, a perfectly competitive industry is allocatively efficient because
a. the opportunity cost of resources needed to produce the last unit of output just equals the marginal value to consumers of the last unit b. it maximizes producer surplus c. consumer surplus could be larger if the price were lower d. production occurs at the lowest average total cost e. marginal costs are low
A concentration ratio
a. measures the percentage of total output supplied by the four largest firms in the industry. b. reflects the level of competition in an industry. c. is related to the control that each firm has over price. d. All of the above are correct.
If there is a 5 percent increase in the CPI, then there will most likely be
A) a more than 5 percent rise in the cost of living because of the introduction of new goods. B) a 5 percent rise in the cost of living. C) a less than 5 percent rise in the cost of living because of consumers substituting away from goods whose relative prices rise towards other goods. D) a more than 5 percent rise in the cost of living because of consumers substituting away from goods whose relative prices rise towards other goods. E) a less than 5 percent rise in the cost of living because of falling quality of goods over time.