A second type of punishment in which a reinforcer or positive state of affairs is removed, such as the loss of privileges, is called
a. response chaining.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. positive punishment.
d. negative punishment.
ANSWER: d
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External validity means that:
A) an experiment used reliable measures of the independent variable. B) a correlation was established between an independent and a dependent variable. C) an experiment has been verified by a group of scientists not associated with the study. D) the variables in an experiment have been defined in a normal, typical, or realistic way.
A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called _____
a) a representative sample. b) a case study. c) a single-blind study. d) a naturalistic observation.
Dahlia is an associate at a prestigious law firm. The associates in the firm generally work until at least 7 p.m. or 8 p.m. each day. This is an element of the firm's
A. schema. B. norm. C. bias. D. role.
On which of the following pharmacological dimensions does cannabis (delta-9-THC) differ significantly from LSD, psilocybin and mescaline?
a. the degree to which they induce profound and intense perceptual distortions and hallucinatory experiences b. their effects on wakefulness c. the rate at which tolerance develops to their subjective effects d. all of these