How did the creation of mass armies affect the development of industrialization?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Armies' effect on industrial development
1. armies and industries needed intense concentrations of energy for
sustenance and transport and lubricants for munitions and machines
2. nineteenth-century armies were big
a. trend to make them bigger than ever started in Europe in the 1790s
with the fear of the French Revolution
b. effect was to create mass armies
c. armies were forges of national identities
3. food technology: preservation, production
a. to supply massive armies of nation-states: canning of food,
beverages; automated production lines for baked goods; new
products like margarine
4. new energy sources: fossil fuels
a. coal-generated energy and steam power fuel industrialized
production of weapons, ammunition
5. transportation technology
a. railroads, steamships used to transport troops and supplies rapidly
across oceans, continents
6. electrical technology
a. first practical application focuses on communication—telegraphy,
used by military forces to coordinate troop movements
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What did the Nixon Doctrine state?
A) United States would help to defend, by military means if necessary, the territorial integrity of any nation threatened by communism. B) United States would use force, if necessary, to ensure that Latin American nations elected honest, pro-American governments. C) United States would provide financial and moral support to nations facing communist subversion, but such nations would have to defend themselves. D) United States would work to support human rights around the globe. E) United States would support free trade and capitalism throughout the globe.
After the construction of the Lancaster Turnpike and the Cumberland (National) Road, road building slowed somewhat because of
a. corruption in construction contracts. b. the inability to construct hard-surface highways. c. eastern states' opposition. d. the steamboat and canal boom. e. the reluctance of shippers to move their products by road.
During the U.S. Civil War, what did Northerners do to raise money for the war effort that Southerners did not?
Select one: a. sell government bonds b. impose direct federal taxes c. raise local taxes
The severity of the Depression increased in 1931 when the Federal Reserve Board
A. closed all financially-ailing banks. B. raised interest rates. C. declared bankruptcy. D. weakened the value of the dollar. E. expanded the money supply.