A nurse teaches a group of parents about positive and negative reinforcement in shaping behavior. Which is an example of a positive reinforcer?
a. A parent who kisses a child who is crying to make the crying stop
b. An adolescent who runs away from home because of trouble in school
c. A parent who praises a child for putting toys away after playtime
d. An adolescent who drives within the speed limit to avoid getting a ticket
C
A positive reinforcement is a rewarding stimulus, such as praise. A negative reinforcement also increases the frequency of the appropriate behavior by reinforcing the power of the behavior to control an aversive, rather than rewarding, stimulus. The remaining options are all negative reinforcements.
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