Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?
a. HIV only infects B cells.
b. HIV is a retrovirus.
c. Infection does not require a host cell re-ceptor.
d. After infection, cell death is immediate.
ANS: B
AIDS is an acquired dysfunction of the immune system caused by a retrovirus (HIV) that infects and destroys CD4+ lymphocytes (T-helper cells). HIV infection begins when a virion binds to CD4, not a B cell. Infection requires a host cell receptor. The cell remains dormant but does not die.
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The nurse on a medical acute care unit is preparing for the admission of an 84-year-old patient with several diagnosed chronic illnesses. The nurse begins the plan of care for this patient based on the understanding that the older adult is likely to
a. develop hospital-induced delirium. b. require special attention related to sensory deficits. c. need a social services consult before dis-charge. d. present with a need for a high level of nursing care.
The area that is surrounded by the breast bone (sternum), ribs, and spinal column is called the:
A. viscera. B. supine. C. transverse plane. D. thoracic cavity.
The school nurse is planning a smoking prevention program for middle school students. Which is most likely to be effective in preventing this population from smoking?
1. A demonstration of the pathophysiology of the effects of smoking tobacco on the body given by the school's biology teacher 2. A talk on the importance of not smoking given by a local high school basketball star 3. Colorful posters with catchy slogans displayed throughout the school 4. A pledge campaign during which students sign contracts saying that they will not use tobacco products
Community-based nursing care takes place in community settings such as the home or a clinic. Ideally, this is done to
a. Exert greater control over individual or family decisions. b. Provide services close to where patients live. c. Isolate patients and prevent the spread of disease. d. Reduce the need for self-care.