Rather than raising taxes currently to pay for infrastructure projects like bridge repairs, high-speed rail projects, or earthquake retrofitting for hospitals, it is common practice in California to pay for such projects through ______.
A. general obligation bonds
B. special, temporary fees earmarked for dedicated projects
C. federal grants that do not need to be repaid
D. gifts from foreign governments
Answer: A
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________ refers to a program of rapid economic liberalization intended to introduce market mechanisms in place of state control
A. Shock therapy B. Carrot and stick C. Nationalization D. Safe harbor E. Insider privatization
In an experiment on the effects of massed versus distributed practice on learning, introductory psychology students who volunteered for extra credit were randomly assigned to one of two groups Both groups were to practice a perceptual-motor task five times for 10 minutes each. Group 1 did all five 10-minute practice sessions in one evening while group 2 was asked to do one 10-minute practice session a night for five consecutive nights. All of the participants in Group 1 completed the experiment, but only 30% of the participants in Group 2 showed up for all five nights. This study is an example of confounding by
a. differential attrition. b. selection bias. c. history. d. demand characteristics.
Which U.S. President received the largest approval ratings increase due to the "rally around the flag" effect?
a. George H.W. Bush c. George W. Bush b. Ronald Reagan d. Barack Obama
Which of the following does not posit a structural argument?
A. Marxism B. institutionalism C. rational-choice institutionalism D. postmodernism