I want to know whether self-concept influences pupil achievement, or whether it is higher pupil performance that leads to a more positive self-concept. Is it possible to determine this using non-experimental research? If yes, how would you do that?
What will be an ideal response?
To an extent. We could design a longitudinal survey study, where we use questionnaires to measure self-concept, and tests to measure achievement. We could then look at the
relationship between the two. We would have to include a number of questions on other variables in the survey, to try and control for the possibility of an underlying variable
causing any relationship between self-concept and achievement. Of course, we could never be sure that we had measured all relevant factors. To try and determine which
variable ‘comes first’, the study would have to be longitudinal, i.e. we would have to do the questionnaires and tests every year for a number of years. Then we could see whether, for example, a change in self-concept levels later led to a change in achievement (or the other way round).
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When writing a matching exercise, it is important to ensure that the number of responses is equal to the number of premises
a. True b. False
Describe four observation and recording systems for behavior
What will be an ideal response?