What are some implications for music of Indonesia as result of its history of strong colonial and post-colonial rule, its geography, and its religions?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
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• The history of strong rule in Indonesia has encouraged the popularity of the protest songs of Rhoma Irama—for example, Irama's "Rupiah" song about greed.
• The geography of a vast archipelago has encouraged a similar vast array of diverse musical styles rather than a single "Indonesian music"—for example, the gamelan music of Java and Bali, and the indigenous music of the Batak people of North Sumatra.
• Rhoma Irama, the "king of dangdut" (1970s and 1980s), has used his pop music to present his ideas about Islam, in addition to the traditional pop music themes of love, youth, and protest.?
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