If the only solid evidence against a capital murder suspect in a trial were DNA profiles from hair taken from the crime scene and the suspect's DNA, what chance of an "accidental match" would be small enough for you to feel that the suspect is guilty "beyond reasonable doubt?" Explain your reasoning
What will be an ideal response?
Background:
Based on population frequencies of the CSF1PO and TPOX STR CODIS markers, the probability of someone carrying the same alleles for both markers is 1 in 2,500 (1/25 x 1/100), meaning that this combination of alleles is found in 1 in every 2,500 individuals (see Table 14.5).
When the population frequencies of the alleles for CSF1PO, TPOX, vWA, and D5S818 STR CODIS markers are combined, the frequency of this combination is 1 in about 60 million. This means that the probability that someone has this combination of alleles is 1 person in 60 million (about 4 or 5 individuals in the United States). If an analysis includes all 13 CODIS STR markers, the chance that anyone has a particular combination is about 1 in 100 trillion—more than enough to identify someone in Earth's population of 6 billion. In all cases, the DNA evidence must be considered in the context of all the other available evidence in determining guilt or innocence.
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A researcher is studying eukaryotic cells that shows an abnormal pattern of surface glycosylation. The researcher determines that these cells have normal levels of glycolipids and integral membrane proteins with O-linked glycosylation. The researcher discovers that there are no N-linked glycosylated proteins on the cell surface and unusually high levels of glycosylated in the ER membrane. What is a reasonable hypothesis to explain this observation?
A. The cell is defective in synthesizing of carbohydrates B. The cell is defective in assembling carbohydrate trees C. The cell has a defective oligosaccharide transferase D. The cell has a defect in its protein sorting pathway E. The cell has a defect in its ER localization signal
The tissue lining the mouth, organs of the digestive system, and inner surfaces of the lungs is classified as
A) connective. B) epithelial. C) nervous. D) muscle. E) connective and nervous.
To test Mendel's Law of Segregation, the experimenter needs ________
A) a minimum of two contrasting forms of a gene B) at least 500 offspring to count C) a DNA sequencing apparatus D) the ability to perform a test cross E) access to several generations of data
Water potential (?) can be thought of as the tendency for water to move from one place to another. In plants, it is made up mainly of solute potential and pressure potential
Hypothetical plant cells A and B are adjacent to each other. The solute potential (?S) of cell A is -0.35 MPa, and its pressure potential (?P) is +0.15 MPa. The solute potential (?S) of cell B is -0.30 MPa, and its pressure potential (?P) is +0.05 MPa. In which direction will net water movement occur? A) Neither; cells A and B are in equilibrium with each other. B) from cell A to cell B C) from cell B to cell A