The patient comes to the emergency department complaining of coughing and difficulty breathing. The patient's diagnosis is heart failure. He asks the nurse how difficulty breathing could be a heart problem. What is the best response by the nurse?
1. "The right side of your heart has weakened and blood has entered your lungs."
2. "The right side of your heart has enlarged and cannot effectively pump blood."
3. "What you have is called congestive heart failure."
4. "The left side of your heart is weak and pumps blood too quickly."
5. "The left side of your heart has weakened and blood has entered your lungs."
3,5
Rationale 1: Right-sided heart failure results in peripheral edema, not pulmonary congestion.
Rationale 2: Right-sided heart failure results in peripheral edema, not pulmonary congestion.
Rationale 3: Left heart failure is sometimes called congestive heart failure.
Rationale 4: Heart failure results from the inability of the left ventricle to pump blood, not pumping blood too quickly.
Rationale 5: When the left ventricle cannot compensate for increased preload, blood backs up into the lungs resulting in cough and shortness of breath.
Global Rationale: When the left ventricle cannot compensate for increased preload, blood backs up into the lungs resulting in cough and shortness of breath. Left heart failure is sometimes called congestive heart failure. Left-sided, not right-sided, heart failure is associated with pulmonary congestion. Right-sided heart failure results in peripheral edema, not pulmonary congestion. Heart failure results from the inability of the left ventricle to pump blood, not pumping blood too quickly.
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