At rest, a cell has a ________ charge inside of the cell and a ________ charge outside of the cell.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).


negative; positive

Biology & Microbiology

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The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Biology & Microbiology

Niche overlap initially leads to:

a. mutualism b. commensalism c. predation d. competition e. parasitism

Biology & Microbiology

The cell-mediated response involves all of the

following EXCEPT a. dendritic cells with antigen-MHC complexes. b. production of helper T cells. c. production of cytokines. d. production of cytotoxic cells. e. production of antibodies.

Biology & Microbiology

In fetal circulation, most blood is shunted away from the lungs. Why is this the case?

A) The lungs have their own circulation. B) The lungs don't need any blood. C) The lungs do not form until right before birth. D) The fetus receives oxygen at the placenta, and the lungs are not yet fully functional.

Biology & Microbiology