When administering medications that are normally excreted by the kidneys to an 86-year-old critically ill patient, the nurse should monitor renal function carefully because older clients have
A) decreased capacity to concentrate urine.
B) decreased glomerular filtration rate.
C) more muscle breakdown than younger patients, masking creatinine levels.
D) increased filtration due to hormonal changes.
B
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A patient has hypoactive bowel sounds. The nurse knows that a potential cause of hypoactive bowel sounds is:
a. Diarrhea. b. Peritonitis. c. Laxative use. d. Gastroenteritis.
What are risk factors for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Menopause b. Smoking c. White female d. Excessive high-impact exercise e. Long-term use of phenytoin (Dilantin)
The nurse assesses the client and realizes that client pain is interfering with postoperative therapies. Which does the nurse determine before using medication and relaxation techniques simultaneously to reduce client pain? (Select all that apply.)
1. The client has used guided imagery in the past successfully. 2. Nonpharmacologic relaxation methods appeal to the client. 3. The client moves in the bed and disrupts the nurse incessantly. 4. The provider plans to discharge the client to home in two days. 5. Client understands written information on relaxation techniques. 6. The client cannot receive additional analgesia for unresolved pain.
All of the following are true about complicated systems EXCEPT
A. They have many distinct parts that exist separately. B. They can be controlled and are predictable. C. The parts adapt to changes in the environment. D. If they break down, they are often fixed by repairing broken parts.