Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Differential association and social learning theories build directly on earlier contributions from psychological and biological positivism.
2. Differential association and social learning theories are good examples of conflict theories that dismiss any notion of consensus around laws and norms.
3. Both individual criminal behavior and subcultural aspects of crime are addressed by differential association and social learning theories.
4. The micro-level counterpart to differential association is known as differential social organization.
5. According to Miller’s theory of lower-class focal concerns, the values of upper and middle classes differ greatly from the values of lower classes.


1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Criminal Justice

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The right of discovery permits the opposite side to inspect the evidence held by the opposition

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

Criminal Justice

The number of minorities in jail populations may be decreasing due to ______.

a. decriminalization/legalization of marijuana in some states b. the widespread adoption of truth-in-sentencing laws c. a large drop in unemployment rates during the last decade d. a great awareness of bias in police practices

Criminal Justice

________ is the process whereby inmates take on the folkways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Select the true statement about limited searches incident to detention. a. they constitute a seizure under the 4th Amendment and are permissible when the seizure is temporary, the resulting search was limited, the evidence obtained was destructible, and the police had probable cause to arrest. b. they do not constitute a seizure, but nonetheless are constitutionally permissible

c. they constitute a seizure and are always constitutionally permissible. d. they are never constitutionally permissible.

Criminal Justice