Your teacher asks you to compare the effects of positive and negative reinforcement and report back to the class. What will you tell your classmates?
a) Both increase the frequency of target responses.
b) Neither increases the frequency of target responses.
c) Punishment is like negative reinforcement in its effects on behavior.
d) Negative reinforcement decreases target responses; positive reinforcement increases target responses.
A
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While writing a research paper for a class on the eating habits of adolescent women in the United States, you find that young women frequently
a. consume more calories than they need per day. b. skip breakfast. c. ingest more calcium than is needed. d. consume more vitamin A than is healthy.
Vygotsky argued that complex mental operations exist first in the social world and are then internalized. He described this as movement from the to the
a. ego; superego b. intermental; intramental c. model; child d. microsystem; mesosystem
Albert Ellis focused on the __________ quality of his clients' beliefs
a. compulsive c. irrational b. depressed d. aggressive
In which of Piaget's sensorimotor stages do infants adapt, anticipate, and become more deliberate in responding to people and objects?
stage one stage two stage three stage four