Explain the concept of a deterrent effect and differentiate between general and specific deterrence
What will be an ideal response?
The deterrent effect is the extent to which crime can be controlled by incapacitation, the threat of punishment or an announcement potential criminal sanction. General deterrence focuses on punishment as a way of deterring potential offenders and preventing potential criminal behavior; the belief is that by inflicting suffering on an actual offender, potential offenders may be deterred from engaging in criminal behavior due to a fear of being caught and punished. Specific deterrence emphasizes the imposition of punishment on an actual offender as a way to deter that offender from engaging in future criminal behavior.
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Shock incarceration involves a series of electric shocks administered to offenders, intended to alter the brain waves that are thought to be related to criminality.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Biological theories believe that crime causation can be understood by studying the interplay of all of the following except
a. the social environment. b. biology. c. heredity. d. psychology.
Which of the following is TRUE about the strategies to improve effectiveness of correctional programs?
A) The theoretical constructs must be separated from treatments that ensure the implemented in appropriate settings. B) Treatment personnel need to be able to work without supervision. C) Improving program effectiveness requires that program designs be based on theoretical premises. D) Subtle effects need to be measured with small sample sizes.
Identify some of the most common theories used in integration efforts and give examples of how these theories are used in the integration process
What will be an ideal response?