Describe the causative agent, epidemiology, presentation, and treatment for 3 causes of infectious blindness
What will be an ideal response?
Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of preventable microbial blindness. The infection causes scarring of the conjunctiva lining the eyelid, causing the eyelid to turn inward. The eyelashes then scratch the cornea, leading to permanent damage. The infection is acquired by contaminated fomite or by flies which have picked up the bacteria from the environment. The preferred treatment is a single dose of azithromycin. Various microbe can cause keratitis, a severe inflammation of the cornea. Viral keratitis is caused by reactivation of Herpes simplex-1, while bacterial and fungal keratitis is often linked to poor contact lens hygiene. Acanthamoeba, or protozoan keratitis, is caused by exposure to this organisms in natural or tap water sources. Swimming or improper contact lens hygiene is the major mode of transmission. Without early treatment, corneal transplant surgery is necessary to restore site. Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is caused by a parasitic helminth and spread by biting blackflies. The larvae of the helminth are introduced to the skin, and may migrate to the eye. The resulting inflammation damages the optic nerve. Ivermectin and doxycycline are used for treatment.
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What does the progressive hypothesis of virus evolution state?
a. Viruses originated from self-replicated entities similar to transposons. b. Viruses originated from free-living cells or intracellular parasites. c. Viruses originated from RNA and DNA molecules that escaped from a host cell. d. Viruses originated from alien DNA that was carried to Earth by a meteor.
If disease symptoms are associated with a genetically inherited allele, tests can be performed
A. on the fetus, during pregnancy. B. during the in utero fetal stage or any stage of life after birth. C. during adulthood. D. on the embryo prior to implantation. E. during childhood.
The equilibrium rule, E F = 0 applies to objects
What will be an ideal response?
What factor do the diseases PKU, albinism, and alkaptonuria all have in common?
What will be an ideal response?