A client is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. Which of the following conditions most commonly causes this condition?
A) Cancer
B) Parathyroid hormone deficit
C) Primary hyperparathyroidism
D) Immobilization
B
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Although rare, hypocalcemia, a total serum calcium level of less than 9 mg/dL (4.5 mEq/L) or ionized calcium less than 4.6 mg/dL, is most commonly caused by a parathyroid hormone deficit, owing to either surgical or primary hypoparathyroidism or abnormal vitamin D metabolism. Hypercalcemia, a total serum calcium level of more than 10.5 mg/dL (5.5 mEq/L), is most commonly caused by cancer or primary hyperparathyroidism. However, immobilization, which promotes bone resorption (decalcification), other endocrine disorders, medications, and abnormal vitamin D metabolism, could cause hypercalcemia.
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