Describe how phantom limb sensations that seemingly come from a missing hand might occur when the face is touched.
What will be an ideal response?
The area of the cortex that normally responds to the face can send collateral sprouts to the adjacent area of the cortex that was innervated by the hand. Investigators recorded from the cerebral cortices of monkeys whose sensory nerves from one forelimb had been cut 12 years previously. They found that the stretch of cortex previously responsive to the limb was now responsive to the face (Pons et al., 1991). After loss of sensory input from the forelimb, the axons representing the forelimb degenerated, leaving vacant synaptic sites at several levels of the CNS. Evidently, axons representing the face sprouted into those sites in the spinal cord, brain stem, and thalamus (Florence & Kaas, 1995; Jones & Pons, 1998). Or perhaps axons from the face were already present but became stronger through denervation supersensitivity. Brain scan studies confirm that the same processes occur with humans. Later studies showed that this process can be much quicker than 12 years
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Robert is reinforced by his teacher every sixth time he turns in a homework assignment. Robert's teacher is using a ____ schedule of reinforcement.
A. fixed-interval B. fixed-ratio C. variable-interval D. variable-ratio
An estimate of the amount of variability in sample means expected across a series of samples is provided by the:
A. standardized variability around the mean. B. standard error of the mean. C. error variance. D. standard deviation of the mean.
Which of the following best describes Morton, a toddler who is considered to have an insecure-resistant attachment based on the Strange Situation test?
A. The toddler seems dazed and detached when the mother leaves the room and remains fearful upon her return. B. The toddler is less likely than others to explore the room and is ambivalent upon the mother's return. C. The toddler usually cries upon separation, but when the mother returns he greets her happily and begins to smile. D. The toddler is very interactive with the mother when she is present and shows no response when she departs.
Research on the ______ effect shows that participants remember the generated associations better than the read associations.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).