ALL of the following have pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) EXCEPT
a. macrophages.
b. viruses.
c. Salmonella spp.
d. Shigella spp.
Answer: A
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Which of the following phrases INCORRECTLY completes the following statement? The Hox complexes of mammals
A. encode genes homologous to those found in the antennapedia and bithorax complexes. B. follow the colinearity rule. C. are located on a single chromosome, similar to what is seen in Drosophila. D. determine cell fate on the anteroposterior axis. E. suggest there is a basic body plan that is followed by all multicellular organisms.
Chromosome segregation in anaphase I is consistent with which statement?
a. The position where crossing over occurs is random. b. The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the movement of the other 45 chromosomes in human cells. c. Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole. d. The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random. e. The number of crossing over events is random.
The large organism shown here belongs to the
____ group? a. kinetoplastids b. diplomonads c. green algae d. red algae e. brown algae
Large mammals and birds require ________ acres of continuous suitable habitat for food and territory
A) 2 B) dozens of C) 4 D) hundreds of E) millions of