The nurse teaches a client, who is being tested to determine if she can donate a kidney to a family member, about human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The nurse concludes the client understood when she says:
1. "I likely will have the same HLAs as the recipient."
2. "I hope I do not have too many of these antigens."
3. "A family relationship ensures a good match."
4. "A close match will lower the risk of rejection."
4
Rationale: HLAs coat the outside of the cell and help the body to determine what cells are its own and what cells come from another source. If HLAs match closely, the body sees the new cells (found in the transplanted organ) as belonging to the body. This prevents the body from mounting an immune response to eliminate foreign cells. HLA matching is most likely to be optimized in an identical twin or sibling from the same parents. Other family relationships might share little in common with the transplant recipient.
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The nurse is attempting to start an IV on an elderly client and is having difficulty finding a vein a suitable for venipuncture. What nursing strategy would be helpful?
a. Apply ice pack to client's arm. b. Elevate client's arm for five minutes. c. Hanging the client's hand over the edge of the bed. d. Apply warm moist compress to client's arm.
Respite care may be used: a. to provide a break for a family carer. b. as a time to evaluate and stabilise an individual'stroublesome symptoms
c. to provide a period of 24-hour-a-day support foran individual with anger issues or high levels of anxiety. d. all of the above.
Families are subject to the tensions produced when stressors (family problems) penetrate their defense system. The family assessment model that uses this systems approach is called:
1. Family Assessment Intervention Model 2. Friedman Family Assessment Model 3. Genogram 4. Ecomap
The nurse is assisting with teaching a patient who will be discharged with a catheter after a prostatectomy. Which of the following statements indicates the need for further teaching?
a. "I should keep the drainage bag below the level of my bladder at all times." b. "I should call you if the bleeding increases." c. "I need to wash around the meatus with soap and water each day." d. "Applying antibiotic ointment to the meatus twice a day will prevent skin breakdown."