A nurse uses Nightingale's theory of nursing to pattern care for patients. Which action by the nurse is most consistent with this theory?
A.
Does for the patient what he or she is unable to do for self
B.
Focuses patient interactions on caring, healing, and wholeness
C.
Keeps patient's room clean and ensures good nutrition
D.
Incorporates culturally relevant actions in a caring encounter
ANS: C
Nightingale focused on the spiritual, physical/environmental, emotional, mental, and social needs of the patient. A major area of emphasis was on improving the patient's environment (internal and external). For this theorist, the base of nursing practice centered around observation, knowledge of sanitation, nutrition, caring, and compassion. The action most closely associated with Nightingale would be keeping the patient's room clean and ensuring the patient gets good nutrition. A focus on caring, healing, and wholeness-centered interactions is reflective of Jean Watson's theory. Incorporation of culture into nursing care reflects the theory of Leininger. Although not mentioned in the text, doing for others what they would do for themselves, if able, is the basis of Dorothea Orem's self-care theory.
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