Which one of the following sampling methods is an example of a nonprobability sample?
a. cluster sampling
b. simple random sampling
c. purposive sampling
d. stratified random sampling
c
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Which of these helps explain why people continue an addiction, despite harm to their lives?
a. As tolerance to the substance increases, the pleasure increases also b. People tend to forget how unpleasant the withdrawal symptoms can be. c. The nucleus accumbens gradually becomes less sensitive to the substance. d. The person learns to use the substance to relieve distress.
Which statement best describes the laws of natural selection?
a. The genetic make-up of most species is remarkably similar. b. Over time, species are becoming more and more responsive to radiation. c. Over generations, species gradually change in response to changing environmental conditions. d. Genetics alone account for species change.
Evaluation apprehension:
a. can be minimized by using nonreactive measures b. is likely to be a factor in any research situation in which participants think their behaviour is being observed c. causes participants to present themselves in a socially desirable manner d. all of the above e. none of the above
You are training a rat to press a bar. Instead of waiting for the rat's first accidental bar press, you reinforce the rat with a food pellet for facing the bar and then turning toward the bar. Next, you reinforce the rat every time he takes a step toward the bar, until he touches the bar. Lastly, you reinforce the rat for pressing the bar. You are
a. using latent learning to train the rat. b. fading the rat's behavior. c. shaping the rat's behavior. d. using secondary reinforcement with the rat.