Describe how agoraphobia might arise from panic disorder. How might it arise in those with no history of panic disorder?
What will be an ideal response?
With panic disorder, agoraphobia usually arises when individuals associate certain locations or circumstances with panic attacks through classical conditioning and then avoid these environments. Without panic disorder, subthreshold panic symptoms may produce avoidance of certain situations in much the same way, with avoidance providing negative reinforcement. Alternatively, perhaps there are operant conditioning reasons why avoiding a place occurs—for instance, it reminds the individual of something bad that has happened external to himself or herself, such as bullying or teasing. The avoidance is therefore an effort to avoid further victimization. Another possibility is that low self-efficacy and the need for frequent reassurance can result in agoraphobia.
You might also like to view...
Assessments can be done for a variety of purposes; which of the following is a valid reason for assessing?
a) Monitor a client's progress in counseling b) Screen at risk individuals c) Develop a case conceptualization d) All of the above
"Child keeping" occurs when a child is reared by other family members. In what cultural group is this more likely to occur?
(a) African American (b) Latino American (c) Asian American (d) Native American
People who never have worked are
a. not eligible for Social Security disability benefits b. eligible for Social Security disability benefits under some conditions c. automatically eligible for Social Security disability benefits d. eligible for benefits for 6 to 12 months e. two of the above
Perhaps the most important type of self-disclosure is that which
a. focuses on the relationship between you and your client. b. involves telling the client detailed stories about your personal past and present problems. c. concerns issues that you have effectively processed. d. relate to the client's issues.