The adversarial system is said to have developed from the trial by ordeal wherein disputes were settled by having the parties fight each other. The winner was presumed to have “truth” on his side. In a sense, swords were used to oppose testimony
Today, _____ has taken the place of swords to challenge testimony.
a. questioning by judges
b. questioning by jurors
c. an indictment
d. cross-examination
d. cross-examination
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An immediate relationship must always exist between the act and the actor's intent for a crime to occur.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The classical model assumes that individuals are inherently _______________ because they seek pleasure and avoid pain
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What did Paoline et al. find to be the most consistent predictors of stress and satisfaction in jail security staff in their 2006 study?
A. pay and vacation time B. clear and fair policies and positive views toward coworkers C. policies that coincide with officer’s personal beliefs D. cooperative inmates and positive relationships with coworkers
Which of the following is false with concern to drug use and delinquency?
a. Crime may be an instrument of the drug trade. b. Drug users may commit crimes to pay for their habits. c. Drug users may be more willing to take risks, because their inhibitions are lowered by substance abuse. d. A relationship between alcohol and drug abuse and delinquency has been not substantiated by research.