Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi developed the _____ theory

a. Labeling
b. Trajectory
c. General theory of crime
d. Differential association


c

Criminal Justice

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Minor offenses that are typically punishable by small fines and that produce no criminal record for the offender are called:

a. felonies. b. misdemeanors. c. civil infractions. d. criminal elements. e. civil elements.

Criminal Justice

The test-retest method is used to examine

a. reliability b. validity c. generalizability d. precision

Criminal Justice

What kind of jurisdiction gives a court the power to review cases that have already been decided by another court?

a. appellate jurisdiction b. concurrent jurisdiction c. personal jurisdiction d. subject matter jurisdiction

Criminal Justice

Attempting to control drugs at their source has had unintended consequences: ___________________

a. displacement and environmental destruction. b. poverty and displacement. c. balloon effect and displacement. d. displacement and human rights violations.

Criminal Justice