Alice Kehoe, in her 2000 book Shamans and Religion, argues sharply that:
a. shamans are unique to each culture where they are found, and thus there is no such thing as “shamanism.”
b. shamanism is a unique religion present in many places in the world today.
c. shamans are exclusive to manaism.
d. shamanism is the oldest of all religions.
a. shamans are unique to each culture where they are found, and thus there is no such thing as “shamanism.”
Analysis:
a. Correct. Alice Kehoe, in her 2000 book Shamans and Religion, argues sharply that shamans are unique to each culture where they are found and cannot be generalized into a global type of religion called "shamanism."
b, c & d. Incorrect. A tribal member who can connect with the world of gods is known by different names in different tribes; the most common are holy man, medicine man, and healer.
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